I want to briefly return to our
discussion of Stephen Best’s notion of the past that we choose or choose not to
continuously address as part of our collective history. I most liked Best’s
idea that “to be historical in our work, we might thus have to resist the
impulse to redeem the past and instead rest content with the fact that our
orientation toward it remains forever perverse, queer, askew” (Best 456). By the end of
the article, Best asks us to consider if we are “being invited to ponder how
thoroughly we cannot conceptualize the order in which we are living – to see
that we have arrived in a world of ‘no protection but….difference?’” (Best
474). To add on from this week’s readings, what perhaps could follow from this
collective consciousness of our history or understanding our present via our
differences is the creation of a ‘we’ that informs our reading of texts.
Colebrook seems to engage similar ideas to Best, but pushes them further by
analyzing their implications for the application of theory:
A
certain mode of reading and writing—a certain archive—presupposes this silent
and necessary “we” of humanity in general. Questioning the ways in which all
reading necessarily addresses some normative horizon of humanity, while the
reading of texts can never be contained by any contextual horizon, is at the
heart of what has come to be known as “theory” (Colebrook 703).
I am attracted to the concept of forming a coherent idea of humanity (stemming
also from Chakrabarty’s article), and then questioning how this “normative
horizon of humanity” (perhaps like a shared past?) shapes/does not shape context.
At
the heart of What Maisie Knew lies a fundamental assumption that the reader can
identify with Maisie’s emotional struggle – James appeals to a universal
empathy for the plight of unwanted children: "'Poor little monkey!' [the good lady] at
last exclaimed: and the words were an epitaph for the tomb of Maisie's
childhood." (James 5). He quickly thereafter places the text
in an odd temporal space: “In that lively sense of the immediate which is the
very air of a child’s mind the past, on each occasion, became for her as
indistinct as the future…She was at the age for which all stories are true and
all conceptions are stories. The actual was the absolute; the present alone was
vivid.” (James 12) This narrative choice consequently releases the text from
its legal and social context and maybe even creates an
"ideal situatio[n], at once entirely of its own time and interes[t], yet
also generating another ideal or imagined time and space" (Colebrook 704).
I am curious, then, if we might be able to explore this text as at once in and out of time, as a
moment in our past when the private life of a family became public through
litigation, and a story that
transcends its specific time because James seeks to appeal to universal truths. How might this text resonate if it did not draw on a collective human empathy that we might feel as a result of a shared past? Why is James successful (or is he?) in shifting the novel away from the social scene of divorce and into the realm of a child's psyche? And could this become "a world in
which there may well be an archive without any possibility of retrieving
sense" (Colebrook 702) if the assumptions on which James rests his novel were to become unintelligible due a collective shift of human sentiment? How much does context depend upon "the order in which we are living" (Best 474)? These questions are largely unanswerable, but it's fascinating to try to think beyond "a historical development of epochs, among which we might
range with empathy but beyond which we [apparently] cannot think" (Colebrook 716).
These are really interesting questions! The one that strikes me in particular is "How might this text resonate if it did not draw on a collective human empathy that we might feel as a result of a shared past?"--in conjunction with your reading of Colebrook's "we" of humanity.
ReplyDeleteIt brings up a curious association for me in current events. There was a wave of anti-sexual assault ads that came out recently that, instead of outright condemning the actions based on the victim's rights, connected the victim to the reader's own relations (e.g. What if this was YOUR sister, YOUR mother, etc.). I think this brings up some telling questions for a "we" of humanity because it's evident that establishing a personal connection is often necessary to create that "shared past"--that is, that being human is not enough to create empathy for another human.
So does James have to do more work to create Maisie's psyche as the context for the novel because he has to assume his readers are adult? Are there clues in the text that tell us he's reminding us of being children or having children in order to build up that link that couldn't exist otherwise?
I'm also really interested by what you're bringing up about childhood. What it is about childhood that can be read as "out of context" or "out of time"? And a question related to Cassie's example: Is there an impersonal sense of "YOUR mother" in relation to the universal/context-less experience of childhood, or can that attempt at a universal "we" only be reached by way of particular, personal examples?
ReplyDeleteI think you make a very good point that readers are expected to connect with Maisie on an emotional level. Chakrabarty ends her article by suggesting humans can only really be expected to connect on a large-scale level if they have a shared sense of catastrophe (and a new, global one), which seems to miss the ways in which a lot of literature seems to function—by assuming that readers share and have always shared other emotions. There is a basic assumption that emotions need very little specific context, and everyone will understand them anyway.
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